What causes Primary biliary cholangitis?
The exact cause of PBC is unknown, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors that trigger the immune system to attack the liver’s bile ducts.
Common contributing factors include:
- Autoimmune reaction – the immune system targets bile duct cells
- Genetic predisposition – family history of PBC or other autoimmune diseases
- Environmental triggers – infections, smoking, or exposure to certain chemicals
- Hormonal influences – more common in women, suggesting a role of estrogen
PBC often coexists with other autoimmune diseases such as thyroid disease, Sjögren’s syndrome, or rheumatoid arthritis.
