Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) is a rare kidney disorder characterized by changes in the glomerular basement membrane and proliferation of glomerular cells, leading to impaired kidney function. It is caused by immune complex deposition or complement system dysregulation, resulting in inflammation and scarring of the glomeruli.
Today, MPGN is often classified by cause as immune-complex mediated or complement-mediated (C3 glomerulopathy). MPGN can present as primary (idiopathic) or secondary to infections, autoimmune diseases, or certain cancers. The disease can progress slowly, often causing chronic kidney disease, proteinuria, hematuria, and, in severe cases, kidney failure.
MPGN is rare, accounting for a small proportion of all glomerular diseases. It can occur at any age, but it is more commonly diagnosed in children and young adults. Early detection is important to reduce the risk of progressive kidney damage.
There is no definitive cure for MPGN. Treatment focuses on controlling proteinuria, reducing inflammation, and preserving kidney function. Some patients achieve remission with immunosuppressive therapy, while others may progress to chronic kidney disease or require dialysis.
MPGN can be classified based on cause:
Primary (Idiopathic) MPGN
Secondary MPGN
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MPGN symptoms vary depending on severity:
Some patients may remain asymptomatic, with disease detected on routine urinalysis or lab tests.
Diagnosis requires a combination of laboratory tests, imaging, and kidney biopsy:
Treatment is individualized based on cause, severity, and kidney function:
Regular follow-up is critical to monitor kidney function and adjust therapy to prevent disease progression.
Medically reviewed by:
Dr. Siddiqui is the Chief Medical Officer at TeleMed2U responsible for clinical and technical program development as well as maintaining a thriving telemedicine practice in infectious diseases which includes specialized care of Hepatitis and HIV.
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