Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) is a genetic disorder in which numerous fluid-filled cysts develop in the kidneys, causing them to enlarge and lose function over time. The cysts gradually replace normal kidney tissue, leading to reduced kidney function and, in severe cases, chronic kidney disease or kidney failure.

ADPKD is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, meaning a child has a 50% chance of inheriting the disease if one parent is affected. While it primarily affects the kidneys, cysts can also occur in the liver, pancreas, and other organs. The disease often progresses slowly, with symptoms typically appearing in adulthood.

Is it common?

ADPKD is one of the most common inherited kidney disorders, affecting approximately 1 in 400 to 1,000 individuals worldwide. It accounts for 5–10% of end-stage kidney disease cases requiring dialysis or transplantation. Early detection is important to monitor kidney growth, manage complications, and preserve function.

Can it be cured?

There is no cure for ADPKD. Treatment focuses on slowing cyst growth, managing complications, and preserving kidney function. In advanced cases, dialysis or kidney transplantation may be required. Research into medications that slow disease progression, such as tolvaptan, has shown promising results in slowing kidney growth and decline.