What causes Allergic Rhinoconjunctivitis?
Allergic rhinoconjunctivitis is caused by an immune system overreaction to normally harmless substances (allergens). When exposed to an allergen, the body produces antibodies (IgE) that trigger the release of histamine and other chemicals, resulting in inflammation. Common causes include:
- Pollen – from trees, grasses, and weeds (seasonal allergies)
- Dust mites – tiny organisms in bedding, furniture, and carpets
- Pet dander – from cats, dogs, or other animals
- Mold spores – indoor or outdoor fungal spores
- Smoke or pollution – which are irritants that can worsen symptoms
- Occupational allergens – such as chemicals or dust in the workplace
What are the risk factors?
You may be more likely to develop allergic rhinoconjunctivitis if you:
- Have a family history of allergies, asthma, or eczema
- Are exposed to allergens regularly, especially during childhood
- Have other allergic conditions, such as asthma or atopic dermatitis
- Live in areas with high pollen counts or air pollution
- Smoke or are exposed to secondhand smoke
