Reflux nephropathy is kidney damage caused by vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) — a condition in which urine flows backward from the bladder into the ureters and sometimes the kidneys. This backward flow can lead to repeated urinary tract infections (UTIs), kidney scarring, and impaired kidney function over time.

The condition is often diagnosed in children, though adults may also be affected. Early identification and treatment of reflux nephropathy are crucial to prevent chronic kidney disease and long-term complications.

Is it common?

Vesicoureteral reflux occurs in approximately 1–2% of children, but not all develop reflux nephropathy. Children with recurrent UTIs, abnormal kidney ultrasounds, or family history of VUR are at higher risk. Reflux nephropathy is a significant cause of childhood kidney scarring and can contribute to hypertension and chronic kidney disease in adulthood.

Can it be cured?

There is no guaranteed cure for reflux nephropathy once scarring has occurred. Treatment aims to prevent further kidney damage through infection control, management of reflux, and monitoring kidney function. Early intervention, especially in children, can prevent progression and preserve long-term kidney health.